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1 female writing language
Общая лексика: женская письменная речь, женский стиль письмаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > female writing language
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2 female writing language
генд. мужской стиль письмаАнгло-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > female writing language
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3 женская письменная речь
General subject: female writing languageУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > женская письменная речь
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4 женский стиль письма
General subject: female writing languageУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > женский стиль письма
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5 HUNDRAÐ
(pl. hundruð), n. hundred; tírœtt h. = 100; tólfrœtt h. = 120; hundruðum, by (in) hundreds; as value, one hundred and twenty ells of the stuff wadmal; h. frítt, a hundred paid in cattle; tólf hundruð mórend, twelve hundred in dark-striped wadmal; hundrað silfrs, ? the silver value of 120 ells (= 20 ounces).* * *n. pl. hundruð; the form hund- (q. v.) only occurs in a few old compd words: [Goth. hunda, pl.; A. S. hund; O. H. G. hunt; the extended form in Hel. and old Frank, hundered; Germ. hundert; Dan. hundrede; Swed. hundra; the inflexive syllable is prob. akin to - ræðr in átt-ræðr]:—a hundred; the Scandinavians of the heathen time (and perhaps also all Teutonic people) seem to have known only a duo-decimal hundred (= 12 × 10 or 120); at that time 100 was expressed by tíu-tíu, cp. Ulf. taihun-taihund = ten-teen; Pal Vídalín says,—hundrað tólfrætt er sannlega frá heiðni til vor komið, en hið tíræða er líkast að Norðrlönd hafi ekki vitað af fyrr en Kristni kom hér og með henni lærdómr þeirrar aldar, Skýr. s. v. Hundrað (fine): but with the introduction of Christianity came in the decimal hundred, the two being distinguished by adjectives,—tólfrætt hundrað = 120, and tírætt hundrað = 100. But still the old popular duodecimal system continued in almost all matters concerned with economical or civil life, in all law phrases, in trade, exchange, property, value, or the like, and the decimal only in ecclesiastical or scholastic matters (chronology, e. g. Íb. ch. 1, 10). At the same time the word in speech and writing was commonly used without any specification of tírætt or tólfrætt, for, as Pal Vídalín remarks, every one acquainted with the language knew which was meant in each case; even at the present time an Icel. farmer counts his flocks and a fisherman his share (hlutr) by the duodecimal system; and everybody knows that a herd or share of one hundred and a half means 120 + 60 = 180. In old writers the popular way of counting is now and then used even in chronology and in computation, e. g. when Ari Frode (Íb. ch. 4) states that the year consists of three hundred and four days (meaning 364); the census of franklins given by the same writer (where the phrase is hundruð heil = whole or full hundreds) is doubtless reckoned by duodecimal, not decimal hundreds, Íb. ch. 10; and in the census of priests and churches taken by bishop Paul (about A. D. 1200) ‘tíræð’ is expressively added, lest duodecimal hundreds should be understood, Bs. i. 136. The Landn. (at end) contains a statement (from Ari?) that Iceland continued pagan for about a hundred years, i. e. from about 874–997 A. D. In the preface to Ólafs S., Snorri states that two duodecimal hundreds (tvau hundruð tólfræð) elapsed from the first colonisation of Iceland before historical writing began (i. e. from about A. D. 874–1115): levies of ships and troops are in the laws and Sagas counted by duodecimal hundreds, e. g. the body-guard of king Olave consisted of a hundred hirð-men, sixty house-carles and sixty guests, in all ‘two hundred’ men, i. e. 240, Mork. 126; the sons of earl Strút-Harald had a hundred men, of whom eighty were billetted out and forty returned, Fms. xi. 88, 89; hálft hundrað, a half hundred = sixty, Mork. l. c.2. a division of troops = 120; hundraðs-flokkr, Fms. vi. (in a verse).II. in indef. sense, hundreds, a host, countless number, see hund-, as also in the adverb, phrase, hundruðum, by hundreds (indefinitely), Fms. vi. 407, Þiðr. 275, 524: in mod. usage as adjective and indecl., except the pl. in -uð, thus hundruð ásauðum, Dipl. iv. 10.B. As value, a hundred, i. e. a hundred and twenty ells of the stuff wadmal, and then simply value to that amount (as a pound sterling in English). All property, real as well as personal, is even at present in Icel. taxed by hundreds; thus an estate is a ‘twenty, sixty, hundred’ estate; a franklin gives his tithable property as amounting to so and so many hundreds. As for the absolute value of a hundred, a few statements are sufficient, thus e. g. a milch cow, or six ewes with lambs, counts for a hundred, and a hundrað and a kúgildi (cow’s value) are equal: the charge for the alimentation of a pauper for twelve months was in the law (Jb. 165) fixed to four hundred and a half for a male person, but three hundred and a half for a female; cp. also the phrase, það er ekki hundrað í hættunni, there is no hundred at stake, no great risk! In olden times a double standard was used,—the wool or wadmal standard, called hundrað talið = a hundred by tale, i. e. a hundred and twenty ells as stated above, and a silver standard, called hundrað vegit, a hundred by weight, or hundrað silfrs, a hundred in silver, amounting to two marks and a half = twenty ounces = sixty örtugar; but how the name hundred came to be applied to it is not certain, unless half an örtug was taken as the unit. It is probable that originally both standards were identical, which is denoted by the phrase, sex álna eyrir, six ells to an ounce, or a hundred and twenty ells equal to twenty ounces (i. e. wadmal and silver at par); but according as the silver coinage was debased, the phrases varied between nine, ten, eleven, twelve ells to an ounce (N. G. L. i. 80, 81, 387, 390, passim), which denote bad silver; whereas the phrase ‘three ells to an ounce’ (þriggja álna eyrir, Sturl. i. 163, passim, or a hundred in wadmal equal to half a hundred in silver) must refer either to a double ell or to silver twice as pure: the passage in Grág. i. 500 is somewhat obscure, as also Rd. 233: the words vegin, silfrs, or talin are often added, but in most cases no specification is given, and the context must shew which of the two standards is there meant; the wool standard is the usual one, but in cases of weregild the silver standard seems always to be understood; thus a single weregild (the fine for a man’s life) was one hundred, Njála passim.2. the phrases, hundrað frítt, a hundred paid in cattle, Finnb. 236; tólf hundruð mórend, twelve hundred in dark striped wadmal, Nj. 225; hundrað í búsgögnum ok í húsbúningi, Vm. 65; hundraðs-gripr, hestr, hross, kapall, hvíla, sæng, rekkja, psaltari, etc., a beast, a horse, a bed, etc., of a hundred’s value, Am. 2, 10, Vm. 25, 39, 60, 153, Jm. 3, 30; hundraðs-úmagi, a person whose maintenance costs a hundred, Vm. 156; hundraðs virði, a hundred’s value, 68. For references see the Sagas and laws passim, and for more information see Mr. Dasent’s Essay in Burnt Njal.C. A hundred, a political division which in olden times was common to all Teut. nations, but is most freq. in old Swedish laws, where several hundreds made a hérað or shire; cp. the A. S. and Engl. hundred, Du Cange hundredum; old Germ. hunderti, see Grimm’s Rechts Alterthümer; the centum pagi of Caesar, Bell. Gall. iv. ch. 1, is probably the Roman writer’s misconception of the Teut. division of land into hundreds; this is also the case with Tacit. Germ. ch. 12: cp. the Swed. local names Fjaðrunda-land, Áttundaland, and Tíunda-land, qs. Fjaðr-hunda land, Átthunda land, Tíhunda land, i. e. a combination of four, eight, ten hundreds. The original meaning was probably a community of a hundred and twenty franklins or captains. This division is not found in Icel. -
6 पुष्पम् _puṣpam
पुष्पम् [पुष्प् विकाशे-अच्]1 A flower, blossom; पत्रं पुष्पं फलं तोयं यो मे भक्त्या प्रयच्छति Bg.9.26.-2 The menstrual discharge; as in पुष्पवती q. v.-3 A topaz (पुष्पराग); Rām.2.94.6.-4 A disease of the eyes (albugo).-5 The car or vehicle of Kubera; see पुष्पक.-6 Gallantry, politeness (in love language).-7 Expanding, blooming, blossoming (said to be m. in this sense).-Comp. -अग्रम् pistil.-अञ्जनम् 1 calx of brass used as a collyrium.-2 A white flower-like substance which appears when zinc is mixed with copper and heated for preparing brass.-3 Zinc oxide (Mar. जस्तफूल).-अञ्जलिः a handful of flowers.-अनुगम् a powder promoting menstruation.-अभिषेक = ˚स्नान q. v.-अम्बु the honey of flowers.-अम्बुजम् the sap of flowers.-अवचयः col- lecting or gathering flowers.-अवचायिन् = पुष्पाजीव q. v.-अस्त्रः an epithet of the god of love.- आकर a. rich or abounding in flowers; मासो नु पुष्पाकरः V.1.9.-आगमः the spring.-आजीवः a florist, garland-maker.-आननः a kind of liquor.-आपीडः a chaplet of flowers.-आयुधः, -इषुः the god of love; पुष्पायुधं दुराधर्षम् Mb.1. 172.17; Mahimna 23.-आसवम् honey.-आसारः a shower of flowers; पुष्पासारैः स्नपयतु भवान् व्योमगङ्गाजलार्द्रैः Me.45.-आस्तरकः, -आस्तरणम् the art of strewing flowers (one of the 64 Kalās).-उद्गमः appearance of flowers.-उद्यानम् a flower-garden.-उपजीविन् m. a florist, gardener, garland-maker.-करण्डकम् N. of the garden of Ujjayinī.-करण्डिनी N. of the city, Ujjayinī.-कालः 1 'flower-time', the spring.-2 the time of the menses.-कासीसम् green (or black) sulphate of iron.-कीटः a large black bee.-केतनः, -केतुः the god of love. (-n.)1 calx of flowers.-2 vitriol (used as a colly- rium).-गण्डिका N. of a kind of farce (in which men act as women and women as men); S. D.-गृहम् a flowerhouse, conservatory.-घातकः the bamboo.-चयः 1 gathering flowers-2 a quantity of flowers.-चापः the god of love.-चामरः a kind of cane.-जम् the juice of flowers.-दः a tree.-दन्तः 1 N. of an attend- ant of Śiva.-2 N. of the author of the Mahimna- stotra.-3 N. of the elephant presiding over the north- west; शुद्धाक्षमैन्द्रं भल्लाटं पुष्पदन्तं तथैव च Hariv.-4 the sun and moon (dual).-दामन् n. a garland of flowers.-द्रवः 1 the sap or exudation of flowers.-2 an infu- sion of flowers.-द्रुमः a flowering tree.-धः the off- spring of an outcast Brāhmaṇa; cf. व्रात्यात् तु जायते विप्रात् पापात्मा भूर्जकण्टकः । आवन्त्यवाटधानौ च पुष्पधः शैख एव च ॥ Ms.1.21.-धनुस्, -धन्वन् m. the god of love; द्रुतमेत्य पुष्पधनुषो धनुषः Śi.9.41; शतमखमुपतस्थे प्राञ्जलिः पुष्पधन्वा Ku.2.64.-धरः a. bearing flowers.-धारणः an epithet of Viṣṇu.-ध्वजः the god of love.-निक्षः a bee.-निर्यासः, -निर्यासकः the sap, nectar, or juice of flowers.-नेत्रम् the tube of a flower.-पत्रिन् m. the god of love.-पथः, -पदवी the vulva.-पुटः the calyx of a flower.-2 (in music) a particular position in dancing.-पुरम् N. of Pāṭaliputra; प्रासादवातायनसंश्रितानां नेत्रोत्सवं पुष्पपुराङ्गनानाम् R.6.24.-प्रचयः, -प्रचायः the plucking or gathering of flowers.-प्रचायिका gathering of flowers.-प्रस्तारः a bed or couch of flowers.-फलः the wood-apple tree.-बटुकः a courtier, gallant; (v. l. for पुष्पनाटक),-बलिः an offering of flowers.-बाणः, -वाणः an epithet of the god of love.-भद्रः a kind of pavilion with 62 columns.-भवः the nectar or juice of flowers.-मञ्जरिका a blue lotus.-माला a garland of flowers.-मासः 1 the month of Chaitra; मम त्वयं विना वासः पुष्पमासे सुदुःसहः Rām.4.1. 41.-2 the spring; अजितभुवनस्तथा हि लेभे सिततुरगे विजयं न पुष्पमासः Ki.1.35.-यमकम् a kind of Yamaka; cf. Bk.1.14.-रजस् n. the pollen.-रथः a carriage for travelling or for pleasure (but not for war); मुख्यः पुष्परथो युक्तः किं न गच्छति ते$ग्रतः Rām.2.26.15.-रसः the nectar or juice of flowers. ˚आह्वयम् honey.-रागः, -राजः a topaz.-रेणुः pollen; वायुर्विधूनयति चम्पकपुष्पपेणून् Kavirahasya; R.1.38.-पुष्परोचनः the Nāgakesara tree.-लावः a flower-gatherer. (-वी) a female flower- gatherer; Me.26.-लिक्षः, -लिह् m. a bee.-लिपिः A particular style of writing.-वर्षः, -वर्षणम् a shower of flowers; सुरभि सुरविमुक्तं पुष्पवर्षं पपात R.12.12; पुष्पवर्षो महानभूत् Rām.-वाटिका, -वाटी f. a flower-garden.-वृक्षः a tree bearing flowers.-वृष्टिः f. a shower of flowers; परस्परशरव्राताः पुष्पवृष्टिं न सेहिरे R.12.94.-वेणी a garland of flowers.-शकटिका, -शकटी a heavenly voice, voice from heaven. ˚निमित्तज्ञानम् Knowledge of the omens which result from heavenly voices (one of the 64 Kalās).-शय्या a flowery bed, a couch of flowers.-शरः, -शरासनः, -सायकः the god of love.-समयः the spring.-सारः, -स्वेदः the nectar or honey of flowers.-सारा the holy basil.-सिता a kind of sugar.-स्नानम् a kind of inauguration.-हासः 1 an epithet of Viṣṇu.-2 the blooming of flowers.-हासा a woman in her courses.-हीना a woman past child-bearing.
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